Tuesday, May 26, 2015

Lens culinaris, Common Lentil, Masurdal


Lens culinaris Medik.
Family: Leguminosae
Synonyms: Ervum lens L., Ervum lens Wall., Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris, Lens esculenta Moench, Lens lens Huth, Vicia lens (L.) Coss. & Germ.

Common name: Common Lentil
Chinese: 扁豆
Finnish: Linssi
French: Lentille culinaire
German: Linse
Hindi: मसूर
Kannada: ಮಸೂರ ಅವರೆ
Oriya: ମସୁର (ଡାଲି)
Sinhala: මසූර්
Turkish: Mercimek

Desctiption: Annual, Herbs, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems or branches arching, spreading or decumbent, Stems prostrate, trailing, or mat forming, Stems less than 1 m tall, Climbing by tendrils, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Stems hairs pilose or spreading, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves even pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Flowers solitary in axils, or appearing solitary, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx gla brous, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals white, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Banner petal ovoid or obovate, Banner petal suborbicular, broadly rounded, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style flattened, Style sharply bent, Style hairy, Style hairy on one side only, Style persistent in fruit, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 2-seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.

 The  seeds  are  mucilaginous  and  laxative.  They are  considered  to  be  useful  in  the  treatment  of constipation and other intestinal affections; made into a paste, they are a useful cleansing application in foul and indolent ulcers.  [Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal
Plants Vol-2]

Seeds—mostly used as a pulse. Contain as much as 30% proteins (similar to those of peas and beans). Soup is used in gastric troubles and constipation. Paste or poultice is applied to foul and indolent ulcers. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary]

78 Published articles of Lens culinaris
1.    Coordinated response of sulfate transport, c.b., and glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes exposed to arsenic Talukdar, Dibyendu and T. Talukdar, Protoplasma, 2014. 251(4): p. 839-855.
2.    Influence of elicitation with H2O2 on phenolics content, a.p.a.n.q.o.L.c.s.S., Michal and B. Baraniak, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2014. 94(3): p. 489-496.
3.    Heterologous expression and solution structure of defensin from lentil Lens culinaris Shenkarev, Z.O., et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2014. 451(2): p. 252-257.
4.    Cardiovascular inhibitory properties of Lens culinaris Munasib, K., et al., Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2014. 9(3): p. 303-306.
5.    Cardiovascular inhibitory properties of Lens culinaris Khan, M., et al., Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 2014. 9(3): p. 303-306.
6.    Pharmacological Basis for Medicinal Use of Lens culinaris in Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Disorders Khan, M., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2014. 28(9): p. 1349-1358.
7.    Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein decline after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma predicts survival Huang, C., et al., Clinica Chimica Acta, 2014. 431: p. 232-238.
8.    Polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of different grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), l.L.c., and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) ecotypes of the Campania region (Southern Italy) Fratianni, Florinda, et al., Journal of Functional Foods, 2014. 7: p. 551-557.
9.    Phenological, N.a.M.D.A.a.I.L.L.c.M.G.G.i.S.A.A., Salem S., et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2014. 15(1): p. 277-295.
10.    Effect of Illumination on the Content of Melatonin, P.C., and Antioxidant Activity During Germination of Lentils (Lens culinaris L.) and Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Aguilera, Yolanda, et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014. 62(44): p. 10736-10743.
11.    The influence of phenolic and phytic acid food matrix factors on iron bioavailability potential in 10 commercial lentil genotypes (Lens culinaris L.) Johnson, C.R., D. Thavarajah, and P. Thavarajah, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2013. 31(1): p. 82-86.
12.    Hexavalent chromium disrupts mitosis by stabilizing microtubules in Lens culinaris root tip cells Eleftheriou, E.P., et al., Physiologia Plantarum, 2013. 147(2): p. 169-180.
13.    Lentisone, a.N.P.A.P.b.A.l., the Causal Agent of Ascochyta Blight in Lens culinaris Andolfi, Anna, et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013. 61(30): p. 7301-7308.
14.    Pharmacognostic evaluation of Lens culinaris Medikus seeds Vohra, K. and V.K. Gupta, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2012. 2(Suppl. 3): p. S1221-S1226.
15.    Prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy using preoperative Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein Saito, Y., et al., Hepatology Research, 2012. 42(9): p. 887-894.
16.    Use of crude extract of lentil plant (Lens culinaris Medikus) in peroxidase-based analyses: fast kinetic determination of hydrogen peroxide and sarcosine in urine Perez Galende, P., et al., Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2012. 404(8): p. 2377-85.
17.    Lentil (Lens culinaris) Lipid Transfer Protein Len c 3: A Novel Legume Allergen Akkerdaas, J., et al., International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 2012. 157(1): p. 51-57.
18.    Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris L. and toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor Ahmed, F.R.S., et al., Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 2012. 24(6): p. 1106-1116.
19.    Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compositions of Lentil (Lens culinaris var. Morton) Extract and Its Fractions Zou, Y., et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011. 59(6): p. 2268-2276.
20.    Biochemical and Functional Characterization of an Albumin Protein Belonging to the Hemopexin Superfamily from Lens culinaris Seeds Scarafoni, A., et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011. 59(17): p. 9637-9644.
21.    Chemical Profiling of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Cultivars and Isolation of Compounds Tsopmo, A. and A.D. Muir, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010. 58(15): p. 8715-8721.
22.    The impact of copper ions on growth, l.p., and phenolic compound accumulation and localization in lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) seedlings Janas, K. M., et al., Journal of Plant Physiology, 2010. 167(4): p. 270-276.
23.    In vitro fermentability and antioxidant capacity of the indigestible fraction of cooked black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), l.L.c.L.a.c.C.a.L.H., et al., Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010. 90(9): p. 1417-1422.
24.    Low Phytic Acid Lentils (Lens culinaris L.): A Potential Solution for Increased Micronutrient Bioavailability Thavarajah, P., D. Thavarajah, and A. Vandenberg, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009. 57(19): p. 9044-9049.
25.    Chemopreventive effect of raw and cooked lentils (Lens culinaris L) and soybeans (Glycine max) against azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci Faris, M.e.A.-I.E., et al., Nutrition Research, 2009. 29(5): p. 355-362.
26.    A never defensin from the lentil Lens culinaris seeds Finkina, E.I., et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2008. 371(4): p. 860-865.
27.    Fractionation of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medik.) for insecticidal and flavonol tetraglycoside components Taylor, W.G., P.G. Fields, and D.H. Sutherland, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007. 55(14): p. 5491-5498.
28.    The clinical utility of Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive thyroglobulin ratio in serum for distinguishing benign from malignant conditions of the thyroid Shimizu, K., et al., Clinica Chimica Acta, 2007. 379(1-2): p. 101-104.
29.    Amphiphilic N-glycosyl-thiocarbamoyl cyclodextrins: Synthesis, s.-a., and fluorimetry of recognition by Lens culinaris lectin McNicholas, Simone, et al., Biomacromolecules, 2007. 8(6): p. 1851-1857.
30.    Isolation and characterization of a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor from the seeds of green lentil (Lens culinaris) Cheung, A.H.K. and T.B. Ng, Protein and Peptide Letters, 2007. 14(9): p. 859-864.
31.    Bioavailability of phytic acid-phosphorus and magnesium from lentils (Lens culinaris M.) in growing rats: Influence of thermal treatment and vitamin-mineral supplementation Porres, J.M., et al., Nutrition, 2004. 20(9): p. 794-799.
32.    Effect of heat treatment and mineral and vitamin supplementation on the nutritive use of protein and calcium from lentils (Lens culinaris, M.i.g.r.P., J. M., et al., Nutrition, 2003. 19(5): p. 451-456.
33.    Glycodendritic structures based on Boltorn hyperbranched polymers and their interactions with Lens culinaris lectin Arce, E., et al., Bioconjugate Chemistry, 2003. 14(4): p. 817-823.
34.    Antioxidant activity of phenolic fractions of lentil (Lens culinaris) Amarowicz, R., M. Karamac, and F. Shahidi, Journal of Food Lipids, 2003. 10(1): p. 1-10.
35.    Clinical significance of lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Yoshida, S., et al., International Journal of Oncology, 2002. 20(2): p. 305-309.
36.    Analysis and partial reversal of multidrug resistance to anthelmintics due to P-giycoprotein in Haemonchus contortus eggs using Lens culinaris lectin Kerboeuf, D., F. Guegnard, and Y. Le Vern, Parasitology Research, 2002. 88(9): p. 816-821.
37.    Lens culinaris, P.v.a.V.f.l.s.t.I.-p.b.t.h.c.c.c.l.C.-R.-J., C., et al., Cytokine, 2000. 12(8): p. 1284-1287.
38.    Specific IgE determinations to crude and boiled lentil (Lens culinaris) extracts in lentil-sensitive children and controls Ibanez Sandin, D., et al., Allergy, 1999. 54(11): p. 1209-14.
39.    Tumor vascularity and Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive alpha-fetoprotein are predictors of long-term prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy Fukuda, H., Kurume Medical Journal, 1998. 45(2): p. 187-193.
40.    Competitive inhibition of Lens culinaris L. copper amine oxidase by amiloride, p.-a., clonidine, 4 ',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and gabexate mesylate: A comparative study Ercolini, L., et al., Journal of Enzyme Inhibition, 1998. 13(6): p. 465-471.
41.    Ozone stress modulates amine oxidase and lipoxygenase expression in lentil (Lens culinaris) seedlings Maccarrone, M., et al., Febs Letters, 1997. 408(2): p. 241-244.
42.    THERMODYNAMICS OF MONOSACCHARIDE BINDING TO CONCANAVALIN-A, P.P.-S.L., AND LENTIL (LENS-CULINARIS) LECTIN Schwarz, F. P., et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1993. 268(11): p. 7668-7677.
43.    SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN AND LENS-CULINARIS AGGLUTININ-REACTIVE FRACTION OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA Kuromatsu, R., M. Tanaka, and K. Tanikawa, Liver, 1993. 13(4): p. 177-182.
44.    INFLUENCE OF METRIBUZIN ON THE RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM LENTIL (LENS-CULINARIS) SYMBIOSIS Sprout, S.L., L.M. Nelson, and J.J. Germida, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1992. 38(4): p. 343-349.
45.    INVITRO EFFECT OF LECTINS FROM PEAS (PISUM-SATIVUM) AND LENTILS (LENS-CULINARIS) ON LIPID-PEROXIDATION AND SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY IN NORMAL AND VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENT ALBINO-RATS Bansal, A., et al., Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1990. 28(1): p. 98-100.
46.    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 TRYPSIN-CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITORS FROM LENTIL SEEDS (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK) Mueller, R. and J.K.P. Weder, Journal of Food Biochemistry, 1989. 13(1): p. 39-63.
47.    THE REACTIVITY OF ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN WITH LENS-CULINARIS AGGLUTININ AND ITS USEFULNESS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF THE LIVER Sekine, C., et al., British Journal of Cancer, 1987. 56(3): p. 371-375.
48.    NUTRITIONAL AND MONETARY EVALUATION OF DAMAGED LENTILS FOR GROWING-PIGS AND EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS Bell, J.M. and M.O. Keith, Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1986. 66(2): p. 529-536.
49.    INTERACTIONS OF PURIFIED HUMAN CERULOPLASMIN WITH LATHYRUS-ODORATUS, L.-C.A.C.-E.L.K., J., T.E. Michaelsen, and E. Jantzen, Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1983. 364(2): p. 111-117.
50.    STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF LECTIN-DEPENDENT T-CELL-MEDIATED CYTOLYSIS - USE OF LENS CULINARIS HEMAGGLUTININ A TO DEFINE THE ROLE OF LECTIN Green, W.R., Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1982. 146: p. 81-100.
51.    CELL-KINETICS AND RADIOSENSITIVITY OF HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES STIMULATED BY PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ, W.-F.O.L.-L.D., G., Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 1982. 24(6): p. 761-769.
52.    EFFECTS OF EXTRACTS FROM MISTLETOE (VISCUM-ALBUM L) ON ROOT-GROWTH OF LENTILS (LENS-CULINARIS L) .1. PHYSIOLOGICAL-EFFECTS Salle, G., Planta Medica, 1980. 38(1): p. 43-49.
53.    CULTURE DENSITY AND AGE-DEPENDENT INTERACTIONS OF 3T3 AND SV3T3-CELLS WITH IMMOBILIZED AND SOLUBLE LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN Kinzel, V. and J. Richards, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1980. 35(3-4): p. 284-288.
54.    PROTEINS OF RAPID AXONAL-TRANSPORT - POLYPEPTIDES INTERACTING WITH THE LECTIN FROM LENS-CULINARIS Karlsson, J.O., Journal of Neurochemistry, 1980. 34(5): p. 1184-1190.
55.    BINDING OF LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN TO SEA-URCHIN EMBRYO CHROMATIN Sevaljevic, L., S.L. Petrovic, and M. Petrovic, Experientia, 1979. 35(2): p. 193-194.
56.    FRACTIONATION OF HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES WITH PLANT-LECTINS .2. LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN AND WHEAT-GERM AGGLUTININ IDENTIFY DISTINCT LYMPHOCYTE SUBCLASSES Boldt, D.H. and R.D. Lyons, Journal of Immunology, 1979. 123(2): p. 808-816.
57.    LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN IS A T-CELL MITOGEN - BINDING INHIBITION BY CONCANAVALIN-A AND PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ-P Ozato, K., D. Somerville, and J.D. Ebert, Cellular Immunology, 1978. 36(1): p. 65-74.
58.    RETENTION OF INTACT CONCANAVALIN-A AND LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN IN TRANSFORMED LYMPHOBLASTS DURING MITOGENIC RESPONSE Ozato, K. and J.D. Ebert, Cellular Immunology, 1978. 37(2): p. 273-284.
59.    CHEMICAL MODIFICATION STUDIES OF CONCANAVALIN, L.-C.A.P.L.N., D., B. Schatzler, and R. Brossmer, Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1978. 359(3): p. 302-302.
60.    EQUILIBRIUM AND KINETIC STUDIES OF BINDING OF LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN TO RABBIT ERYTHROCYTES BY A QUANTITATIVE FLUOROMETRIC METHOD Hoebeke, J., et al., Biochemistry, 1978. 17(23): p. 5000-5005.
61.    HUMAN PLACENTAL 5'-NUCLEOTIDASE AND ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE RECEPTORS FOR CONCANAVALIN-A AND LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN Gutensohn, W., Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift Fur Physiologische Chemie, 1978. 359(11): p. 1599-1602.
62.    STIMULATION OF ACTIVITY OF IAA-OXIDIZING ENZYME-SYSTEM IN LENS-CULINARIS ROOTS BY DALAPON AND PERFLUIDONE Tafuri, F., et al., Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1977. 28(2): p. 180-184.
63.    LECTIN RECEPTOR-SITES AT CELL-SURFACE EMPLOYED FOR AFFINITY SEPARATION OF TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS - BASIC REQUIREMENTS AS REALIZED BY LENS CULINARIS LECTIN (LCL) IMMOBILIZED ON 2B-SEPHAROSE Kinzel, V., J. Richards, and D. Kubler, Experimental Cell Research, 1977. 105(2): p. 389-400.
64.    HALOGENATED NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF MITOGENIC RESPONSE OF LYMPHOCYTES TO LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN Edstrom, R.D., C.A. Prody, and H.P.C. Hogenkamp, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1977. 77(4): p. 1552-1558.
65.    STIMULATION OF DIFFERENTIATION OF NORMAL AND MALIGNANT NEURONS WITH LECTIN LENS CULINARIS Goldstein, M.N., Journal of Cell Biology, 1976. 70(2): p. A198-A198.
66.    INTERACTION OF LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN, C.-A., RICINUS-COMMUNIS AGGLUTININ AND WHEAT-GERM AGGLUTININ WITH CELL-SURFACE OF NORMAL AND TRANSFORMED RAT-LIVER CELLS Roth, J., G. Neupert, and K. Thoss, Experimentelle Pathologie, 1975. 10(5-6): p. 309-317.
67.    LENS-CULINARIS LECTIN RECEPTORS IN PLASMA-MEMBRANE OF RAT-LIVER CELLS - COMPARATIVE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON NORMAL CELLS, O.C.I.T.B.D.A.O.Z.A.H.-C., Experimentelle Pathologie, 1975. 11(3-4): p. 123-132.
68.    AFFINITY OF CONCANAVALIN-A AND LENS-CULINARIS HEMAGGLUTININ FOR GLYCOPEPTIDES Young, N.M. and M.A. Leon, Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 1974. 365(2): p. 418-424.
69.    RECEPTOR PROTEINS FOR CONCANAVALIN A AND LENS-CULINARIS PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ IN MEMBRANE OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE Findlay, J.B.C., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1974. 249(14): p. 4398-4403.
70.    PURIFICATION OF DETERGENT-SOLUBILIZED HL-A ANTIGENS BY AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH HEMAGGLUTININ FROM LENS CULINARIS Dawson, J.R., et al., Journal of Immunology, 1974. 112(3): p. 1190-1193.
71.    STUDIES ON A PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ FROM COMMON LENTIL .6. STIMULATION OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES IN CULTURE BY LENS-CULINARIS HEMAGGLUTININ-A Stein, M.D., H.J. Sage, and M.A. Leon, Experimental Cell Research, 1972. 75(2): p. 475-482.
72.    STUDIES ON THE STIMULATION OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES IN CULTURE BY A PHYTO HEM AGGLUTININ FROM LENS-CULINARIS-D Stein, M.D. and H.J. Sage, Federation Proceedings, 1972. 31(2): p. 795-795.
73.    COMMON LENTIL LENS-CULINARIS PHYTO HEM AGGLUTININ Sage, H.J. and R.W. Green. Ginsburg, Victor. 1972. 332-339.
74.    STUDIES ON A PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ FROM LENTIL .3. REACTION OF LENS-CULINARIS HEMAGGLUTININ WITH POLYSACCHARIDES, G., AND LYMPHOCYTES Young, N. M., et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1971. 246(6): p. 1596-&.
75.    STUDIES ON A PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ FROM LENTIL .4. DIRECT BINDING STUDIES OF LENS-CULINARIS HEMAGGLUTININ WITH SIMPLE SACCHARIDES Stein, M.D., I.K. Howard, and H.J. Sage, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1971. 146(1): p. 353-&.
76.    NATURE OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTOR SITE FOR LENS-CULINARIS PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ Kornfeld, S., J. Rogers, and W. Gregory, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1971. 246(21): p. 6581-&.
77.    STUDIES ON A PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ FROM LENTIL .2. MULTIPLE FORMS OF LENS-CULINARIS HEMAGGLUTININ Howard, I.K., et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1971. 246(6): p. 1590-&.
78.    SOME PROPERTIES OF PURIFIED PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ FROM LENS-CULINARIS SEEDS Toyoshim.S, T. Osawa, and A. Tonomura, Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 1970. 221(3): p. 514-&.

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Caesalpinia pulcherrima Cajanus cajan Cajanus scarabaeoides Caladium bicolor Caleana major Calendula officinalis Calophyllum brasiliense Calophyllum inophyllum Calotropis gigantea Calotropis procera Camellia sinensis Campanula latifolia Cananga odorata Canscora diffusa Capparis sepiaria Capparis zeylanica Capsella bursa-pastoris Cardamine hirsuta Cardiocrinum giganteum Cardiospermum halicacabum Carduus edelbergii Carrichtera annua Carthamus oxyacantha Carthamus tinctorius Carum carvi Cassia angustifolia Cassia auriculata Cassia fistula Cassia occidentalis Catesbaea spinosa Catharanthus roseus Cayratia trifolia Cedrela toona Ceiba insignis Ceiba pentandra Celastrus paniculatus Celosia argentea Centaurium erythraea Centella asiatica Cestrum diurnum Chaerophyllum reflexum Chamaesyce hypericifolia Chenopodium album Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium murale Chrozophora rottleri Cicer arietinum Cichorium glandulosum Cichorium pumilum Cinnamomum camphora Cinnamomum tamala Cinnamomum verum Circaea alpina Cissampelos pareira Cissus quadrangularis Citrullus lanatus Cleistanthus patulus Clematis gouriana Clematis montana Cleome gynandra Clerodendrum chinense Clerodendrum indicum Clerodendrum infortunatum Clerodendrum laevifolium Clerodendrum philippinum Clerodendrum phlomidis Clerodendrum serratum Clerodendrum splendens Clerodendrum wallichii Coccinia grandis Cocculus hirsutus Cocculus laurifolius Cochlospermum religiosum Coix lacryma-jobi Colebrookea oppositifolia Coleus aromaticus Colocasia esculenta Combretum indicum Commelina benghalensis Commelina maculata Commelina paludosa Commiphora caudata Commiphora mukul Commiphora wightii Conocarpus lancifolius Consolida ajacis Convolvulus pluricaulis Cordyline fruticosa Corydalis cornuta Cosmos sulphureus Costus speciosus Cotinus coggygria Couroupita guianensis Crinum asiaticum Crocus sativus Crossandra infundibuliformis Crotalaria alata Crotalaria pallida Crotalaria prostrata Croton klotzschianus Croton scabiosus Croton tiglium Cryptolepis buchananii Cryptolepis dubia Cryptostegia grandiflora Cucumis sativus Cuminum cyminum Cupressus torulosa Curculigo orchioides Curcuma amada Curcuma longa Cuscuta reflexa Cyananthus lobatus Cyanthillium cinereum Cycas revoluta Cyclanthera pedata Cymbopogon nardus Cynodon dactylon Cyperus laevigatus Cyperus malaccensis Cyperus rotundus Dactyloctenium aegyptium Dactylorhiza hatagirea Dalbergia latifolia Datisca cannabina Datura metel Datura stramonium Daucus carota Delphinium ajacis Delphinium denudatum Delphinium elatum Dendrobium densiflorum Dendrobium ovatum Derris scandens Derris trifoliata Desmodium concinnum Desmodium gangeticum Desmodium heterocarpon Desmodium multiflorum Desmodium triflorum Dichrocephala integrifolia Dicliptera paniculata Didymocarpus pedicellatus Dillenia indica Dimorphocalyx glabellus Dimorphoteca ecklonis Dioscorea alata Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscorea polygonoides Diospyros kaki Diospyros malabarica Dipteracanthus patulus Dipteracanthus prostratus Dolichandrone spathacea Dolichos biflorus Dregea volubilis Drimia indica Drosera peltata Duranta erecta Dysoxylum binectariferum Dysoxylum gotadhora Dysphania ambrosioides Echinocereus pentalophus Echinops niveus Echium plantagineum Edgeworthia gardneri Eichhornia crassipes Elaeagnus umbellata Elaeocarpus ganitrus Elephantopus scaber Eleutheranthera ruderalis Elsholtzia fruticosa Elytraria acaulis Embelia ribes Emblica officinalis Enterolobium cyclocarpum Ephedra foliata Ephedra gerardiana Epipactis helleborine Eranthemum pulchellum Eryngium foetidum Erysimum hieraciifolium Erythrina suberosa Erythrina variegata Euonymus echinatus Euonymus japonicus Eupatorium capillifolium Eupatorium perfoliatum Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbia cornigera Euphorbia cotinifolia Euphorbia granulata Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia hypericifolia Euphorbia milii Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbia peplus Euphorbia tirucalli Fagonia cretica Fagopyrum acutatum Ferula foetida Ficus elastica Ficus religiosa Filicium decipiens Filipendula vestita Flacourtia indica Flemingia procumbens Flemingia semialata Foeniculum vulgare Free Access Journal Fumaria indica Fumaria parviflora Furcraea foetida Galega officinalis General Gentiana kurroo Geranium lucidum Geranium nepalense Geranium pratense Geranium wallichianum Ghee Globba schomburgkii Glochidion hohenackeri Gloriosa superba Glycyrrhiza glabra Gmelina arborea Gomphrena globosa Gomphrena serrata Goodyera repens Grewia asiatica Grewia optiva Grewia serrulata Grewia tenax Gymnema sylvestre Habenaria edgeworthii Habenaria plantaginea Handroanthus impetiginosus Hedychium spicatum Helianthus annuus Helicteres isora Helinus lanceolatus Heliotropium indicum Hemidesmus indicus Hemigraphis alternata Hemigraphis colorata Hemigraphis hirta Heracleum sphondylium Herpetospermum pedunculosum Hibiscus cannabinus Hibiscus esculentus Hibiscus hirtus Hibiscus lobatus Hibiscus radiatus Hibiscus vitifolius Hippophae rhamnoides Holarrhena antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens Holoptelea integrifolia Hosta plantaginea Hoya carnosa Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila auriculata Hygrophila polysperma Hygrophila schulli Hylocereus undatus Hymenocallis speciosa Hymenodictyon orixense Hyoscyamus niger Hypericum dyeri Hypericum elodeoides Hypericum oblongifolium Hyptis suaveolens Ilex dipyrena Impatiens balsamina Impatiens bracteata Impatiens racemosa Indigofera aspalathoides Indigofera astragalina Indigofera glabra Ipomoea alba Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea marginata Isodon rugosus Ixeris polycephala Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacquemontia pentantha Jasminum auriculatum Jasminum multiflorum Jatropha curcas Jatropha gossypifolia Juncus thomsonii Justicia adhatoda Justicia brandegeeana Justicia carnea Justicia gendarussa Justicia pubigera Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kallstroemia pubescens Koelreuteria elegans Koelreuteria paniculata Koenigia delicatula Kopsia fruticosa Kydia calycina Kyllinga brevifolia Lablab purpureus Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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