Saturday, March 14, 2015

Cicer arietinum Chickpea Bengal gram


 Cicer arietinum L.
Family: Leguminosae

Common name: Chickpea, Bengal gram, Gram
Arabic: حمص_(نبات)
Bengali: বুত Boot
Chinese: 鸡豆
Finnish: Kahviherne
French: Pois Chiche
German: Kichererbse
Gujarati: Chania
Gujarati: ચણા
Hindi: चना Chana
Kannada: ಕಡಲೆ Kadale
Malayalam: കടല
Manipuri: চনা Chana
Marathi: हरभरा Harbhara
Sanskrit: Jivana, चणकः Chanakah
Sinhala: කඩල
Swedish: kikärt
Tamil: கடலை Katalai
Telugu: శనగలు Sanagalu
Urdu: چنا

Description: Annual, Herbs, Taproot present, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems less than 1 m tall, Plants gland-dotted or with gland-tipped hairs, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules green, triangulate to lanceolate or foliaceous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Stipules toothed or laciniate, Leaves compound, Leaflets dentate or denticulate, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets alternate or subopposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Flowers solitary in axils, or appearing solitary, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals white, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Bann er petal narrow or oblanceolate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or rounded, Stamens 9-10, Stamens diadelphous, 9 united, 1 free, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit inflated or turgid, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit gland-dotted or with gland-tipped hairs, Fruit 1-seeded, Fruit 2-seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.

Antiseptic, kidney diseases [Ethnomedicinal Plants Revitalization of Traditional Knowledge of Herbs]
Leaves  are  useful  in  dyspepsia  and  bronchitis.  The  seeds  are  useful  in hyperdipsia,  leprosy,  bronchitis  and  skin  diseases. [HERBAL CURES: TRADITIONAL APPROACH]
Antibilious, hypocholesteremic, antihyperlipidemic, antistress. Acid exudate from the plant—used in indigestion, diarrhoea, dysentery. Seed coat extract—diuretic, antifungal (externally). Dry leaf—refrigerant. [Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary] 
147 Published articles of Cicer arietinum
1.    Effects of two different extracts of total saponins from Cicer arietinum on kidney of T2DM rats Abdukerem, K., et al., Yaoxue Xuebao, 2012. 47(4): p. 541-545.
2.    BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES IN CICER-ARIETINUM SEEDLING ON EXPOSURE TO ENDOSULFAN Agarwal, S. and M.U. Beg, Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 1982. 19(4): p. 247-252.
3.    Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) as Affected by a Dehydration Process Aguilera, Y., et al., Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2011. 66(2): p. 187-195.
4.    HPLC analysis of water-soluble vitamins (B1, B., B3, B5, B6) in in vitro and ex vitro germinated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Aslam, Junaid, et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008. 7(14): p. 2310-2314.
5.    ENZYME INDUCTION IN CICER-ARIETINUM-D Azhar, S. and C.R. Krishna Murti, Proceedings and Abstracts Society of Biological Chemists (Bangalore), 1970. 29: p. 9-10.
6.    INDUCTION OF TRYPTOPHAN OXYGENASE IN CICER-ARIETINUM SEEDLINGS BY INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID AND CYCLIC 3', -.A.M.A., S. and C.R.K. Murti, Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 1971. 8(4): p. 210-&.
7.    A NEW FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDE FROM THE SEEDS OF CICER ARIETINUM LINN Bagri, P., et al., Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 2011. 68(4): p. 605-608.
8.    Evaluation of antifungal activity of Cicer arietinum L Bajwa, R., et al., Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2006. 38(1): p. 175-184.
9.    Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic seed extract Cicer arietinum against CCL 4 induced hepatotoxicity Albino rats Banda, S.D.T., K. Santhoshi, and V.R. Kumar, Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2013. 2(6): p. 39-43.
10.    METABOLISM AND ENZYMOLOGY OF ISOFLAVONE MALONYLGLUCOSIDES AND PTEROCARPAN PHYTOALEXINS IN CICER-ARIETINUM Barz, W., et al., Planta Medica, 1986(5): p. 420-420.
11.    TRYPSIN AND CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITORS IN CHICK PEAS (CICER-ARIETINUM-L) - RELATIONSHIPS AMONG 6 ISOINHIBITORS Belew, M., European Journal of Biochemistry, 1977. 73(2): p. 411-420.
12.    TRYPSIN AND CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITORS IN CHICK-PEAS (CICER-ARIETINUM L) Belew, M. and D. Eaker, European Journal of Biochemistry, 1976. 62(3): p. 499-508.
13.    TRYPSIN AND CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITORS IN CHICK PEAS (CICER-ARIETINUM L) - PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF INHIBITORS Belew, M., J. Porath, and L. Sundberg, European Journal of Biochemistry, 1975. 60(1): p. 247-258.
14.    MECHANISM OF INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY BY COLCHICINE .2. CYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN GRAM (CICER ARIETINUM) AFTER INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDISATION BY COLCHICINE Bose, B.C., et al., Archives Internationales De Pharmacodynamie Et De Therapie, 1957. 109(3-4): p. 462-467.
15.    Oestrogenic activity of the fixed oil of Chana (Cicer Arietinum Linn Bose, J.L. and K. Chandran, Jour Sci and Indust Res [India], 1955. 14C((7)): p. 128-128.
16.    Latex and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) allergy: first description of a new association Branco Ferreira, M., et al., European annals of allergy and clinical immunology, 2004. 36(10): p. 366-71.
17.    Nutritional value of raw and extruded chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) for growing chickens Brenes, A., et al., Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2008. 6(4): p. 537-545.
18.    COMPARISON OF THE BETA-GLYCOSIDASES FROM CICER-ARIETINUM-L CELL-CULTURES AND WHOLE SEEDLINGS Burmeister, G. and W. Hosel, Planta Medica, 1980. 40(1): p. 40-48.
19.    IMMUNOFLUOROMETRIC LOCALIZATION OF BETA-GLUCOSIDASES IN CICER-ARIETINUM-L SEEDLINGS Burmeister, G. and W. Hosel, Planta Medica, 1981. 42(2): p. 102-102.
20.    SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES TO NICKEL IN SALICYLIC ACID APLIED CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) SEEDLINGS Canakci, S. and B. Dursun, Acta Biologica Hungarica, 2011. 62(3): p. 279-289.
21.    Amelioration of Cd toxicity by pretreatment of salicylic acid in Cicer arietinum L. seedlings Canakci, S. and B. Dursun, Journal of Environmental Biology, 2013. 34(6): p. 1089-1094.
22.    IMITATION MILKS FROM CICER-ARIETINUM (L), V.-U.L.W.A.V.-R.L.W.A.O.L.C., J. C., J.A. Jones, and C.E.M. Ferber, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1981. 32(6): p. 601-607.
23.    ETHYLENE REGULATES THE EXPRESSION OF A CYSTEINE PROTEINASE GENE DURING GERMINATION OF CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM L) Cervantes, E., A. Rodriguez, and G. Nicolas, Plant Molecular Biology, 1994. 25(2): p. 207-215.
24.    Tissue specific expression of potent insecticidal, A.s.l.a.A.i.i.p.c., chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to resist the phloem feeding Aphis craccivora Chakraborti, Dipankar, et al., Transgenic Research, 2009. 18(4): p. 529-544.
25.    Chemical hybridizing agents for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Leads from QSAR analysis of ethyl oxanilates and pyridones Chakraborty, K. and C. Devakumar, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006. 54(5): p. 1868-1873.
26.    INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOIL TEMPERATURES ON INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF GRAM (CICER ARIETINUM L.) Chauhan, S.K., Arzneimittel-Forschung-Drug Research, 1963. 13(3): p. 552-&.
27.    Isoflavones Extracted from Chickpea Cicer arietinum L. Sprouts Induce Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells Chen, H., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2015. 29(2): p. 210-219.
28.    Effect of sodium nitroprusside on morphological characters under chilling stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Chohan, A., U. Parmar, and S.K. Raina, Journal of Environmental Biology, 2012. 33(4): p. 695-698.
29.    ELICITOR-INDUCED CHANGES OF ENZYME-ACTIVITIES RELATED TO ISOFLAVONE AND PTEROCARPAN ACCUMULATION IN CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM-L) CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES Daniel, S., W. Hinderer, and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1988. 43(7-8): p. 536-544.
30.    MECHANISM OF INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY BY COLCHICINE .1. BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN GRAM (CICER ARIETINUM) AFTER INDUCTION OF POLYPLOIDY BY COLCHICINE De, H.N., B.C. Bose, and B.L. Vijayvargiya, Archives Internationales De Pharmacodynamie Et De Therapie, 1957. 109(3-4): p. 457-461.
31.    Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein hydrolysates del Mar Yust, M., et al., Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2012. 92(9): p. 1994-2001.
32.    REDUCTION OF POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA-GLUCOSE BY BENGAL GRAM DAL (CICER-ARIETINUM) AND RAJMAH (PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS) Dilawari, J.B., et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1981. 34(11): p. 2450-2453.
33.    ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES IN BENGALGRAM BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY Dziedzic, S.Z. and J. Dick, Journal of Chromatography, 1982. 234(2): p. 497-499.
34.    Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) undergoing different cooking methods and germination El-Adawy, T.A., Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2002. 57(1): p. 83-97.
35.    Polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of different grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), l.L.c., and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) ecotypes of the Campania region (Southern Italy) Fratianni, Florinda, et al., Journal of Functional Foods, 2014. 7: p. 551-557.
36.    Involvement of calcium in ACC-oxidase activity from Cicer arietinum seed embryonic axes Gallardo, M., M.D. Gomez-Jimenez, and A. Matilla, Phytochemistry, 1999. 50(3): p. 373-376.
37.    A new isoflavane glycoside from Cicer arietinum seeds Gao, Y.-H., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2013. 49(2): p. 242-245.
38.    Nutritional analysis, t.p.c., free radical scavenging activity and phytochemical analysis of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera (drumstick) and Cicer arietinum (chick pea) Gatade, A. A., R.C. Ranveer, and A.K. Sahoo, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2013. 4(3): p. B-922-B-933.
39.    Microscale size triangular gold prisms synthesized using Bengal gram beans (Cicer arietinum L.) extract and HAuCl4 center dot 3H(2)O: A green biogenic approach Ghule, K., et al., Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2006. 6(12): p. 3746-3751.
40.    ELICITOR INDUCTION OF CYTOCHROME-P-450 MONOOXYGENASES IN CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES OF CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM L) AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN PTEROCARPAN PHYTOALEXIN BIOSYNTHESIS Gunia, W., et al., Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1991. 46(1-2): p. 58-66.
41.    Role of Rhizobium (CA-1) inoculation in increasing growth and metal accumulation in Cicer arietinum L. growing under my-ash stress condition Gupta, D.K., et al., Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2004. 73(2): p. 424-431.
42.    Changes in amino acid profile and metal content in seeds of Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) grown under various fly-ash amendments Gupta, D.K., et al., Chemosphere, 2006. 65(6): p. 939-945.
43.    The estrogenic activity of isoflavones extracted from chickpea Cicer arietinum L sprouts in vitro HaiRong, M., et al., Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2013. 27(8): p. 1237-42.
44.    Biochemical and molecular biological studies on infection (Ascochyta rabiei)-induced thaumatin-like proteins from chickpea plants (Cicer arietinum L.) Hanselle, T., Y. Ichinoseb, and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 2001. 56(11-12): p. 1095-1107.
45.    Characterization of a Novel Legumin alpha-Amylase Inhibitor from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds Hao, X., et al., Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2009. 73(5): p. 1200-1202.
46.    28-homobrassinolide protects chickpea (Cicer arietinum) from cadmium toxicity by stimulating antioxidants Hasan, S.A., et al., Environmental Pollution, 2008. 151(1): p. 60-66.
47.    Technological properties, a.a.a.t.p.a.f.c.o.p.c.C.a.L.c.H.-P., Mar J., et al., International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2013. 64(1): p. 69-76.
48.    In vitro fermentability and antioxidant capacity of the indigestible fraction of cooked black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), l.L.c.L.a.c.C.a.L.H., et al., Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010. 90(9): p. 1417-1422.
49.    FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF CHICKPEA ISOFLAVONE 7-O-GLUCOSIDE-6''-O-MALONATE - MALONYLESTERASE - EVIDENCE FOR A HIGHLY SPECIFIC, M.-B.E.I.R.O.C.-A.-L.H., W., J. Koster, and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1987. 42(3): p. 251-257.
50.    Antioxidant potential and free radicals scavenging activity by Cicer arietinum Linn Hooda, M.S. and P. Rishi, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2012. 3(4): p. P-274-P-281.
51.    DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ISOFLAVONE 7-O-BETA-GLYCOSIDE SPECIFIC BETA-GLYCOSIDASES IN CICER ARIETINUM Hosel, W., Planta Medica, 1976. 30(2): p. 97-103.
52.    STUDIES ON METABOLISM OF FLAVONOLS IN CICER-ARIETINUM L Hosel, W. and W. Barz, Archiv Der Pharmazie Und Berichte Der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesselschaft, 1972. 305(1): p. 78-&.
53.    BETA-GLUCOSIDASES FROM CICER-ARIETINUM-L - PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ISOFLAVONE-7-O-GLUCOSIDE-SPECIFIC BETA-GLUCOSIDASES Hosel, W. and W. Barz, European Journal of Biochemistry, 1975. 57(2): p. 607-616.
54.    ACCUMULATION OF PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS AND PHYTOALEXINS IN SLICED AND ELICITOR-TREATED COTYLEDONS OF CICER-ARIETINUM-L Jaques, U., H. Kessmann, and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1987. 42(11-12): p. 1171-1178.
55.    HPLC determination of genistein, f.a.b.A.i.C.a.L.X.J.-h., S.U.N. Xiao-li, and Z. Jun, Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2009. 29(1): p. 73-75.
56.    Effects of two different extracts of total saponins from Cicer arietinum on kidney of T2DM rats Kaiser, A., et al., Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2012. 47(4): p. 541-545.
57.    Effects of two different extracts of total saponins from Cicer arietinum on kidney of T2DM rats Kaiser, A., et al., Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2012. 47(4): p. 541-545.
58.    Effects of two different extracts of total saponins from Cicer arietinum on kidney of T2DM rats Kaiser, A., et al., Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica, 2012. 47(4): p. 541-5.
59.    In vitro antiviral activities under cytotoxic doses against herpes simples type-1 and parainfluensa-3 viruses of Cicer arietinum L. (Chickpea) Kan, A., B. Ozcelik, and M. Kartal, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2009. 3(12): p. 627-631.
60.    In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Cicer arietinum L (Chickpea) Kan, A., et al., Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2010. 9(5): p. 475-481.
61.    Antidiarrhoeal activity of roots of Cicer arietinum Linn Karnail, D., et al., International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2011. 2(1): p. 268-270.
62.    Interaction between seed size and NaCl on germination and early seedling growth of some Turkish cultivars of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Kaya, M., et al., Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B, 2008. 9(5): p. 371-377.
63.    ELICITATION OF PTEROCARPAN PHYTOALEXINS IN CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES OF DIFFERENT CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM-L) CULTIVARS BY AN ELICITOR FROM THE FUNGUS ASCOCHYTA-RABIEI Kessmann, H., S. Daniel, and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1988. 43(7-8): p. 529-535.
64.    STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFANT FOODS FROM PLANT PROTEIN-SOURCES .1. EFFECT OF GERMINATION OF CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM) ON THE NUTRITIVE-VALUE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PROTEINS Khaleque, A., et al., Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, 1985. 35(2): p. 315-325.
65.    Bengal gram preparation Cicer arietinum for diabetes Khanra, S.R., P.P. Mitra, and P. Banerjee, Bull Calcutta Sch Trop Med, 1964. 12((2)): p. 69-70.
66.    CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIUM SP (CICER-ARIETINUM-L) BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, I., AND INTRINSIC ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE Kingsley, M. T. and B. Benbohlool, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1983. 29(5): p. 518-526.
67.    MALONYL-COENZYME-A - ISOFLAVONE 7-O-GLUCOSIDE-6''-O-MALONYLTRANSFERASE FROM ROOTS OF CHICK PEA (CICER-ARIETINUM-L) Koester, J., R. Bussmann, and W. Barz, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1984. 234(2): p. 513-521.
68.    CHARACTERIZATION OF AN UDPG-ISOFLAVON-7-0-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE FROM CHICKPEA ROOTS (CICER-ARIETINUM-L) Koster, J. and W. Barz, Planta Medica, 1981. 42(2): p. 117-118.
69.    HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF ISOFLAVONES AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF ISOFLAVONE 7-O-GLUCOSIDE 6''-MALONATES FROM CICER-ARIETINUM Koster, J., D. Strack, and W. Barz, Planta Medica, 1983. 48(3): p. 131-135.
70.    In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Seeds of Cicer arietinum Linn Kumar, P., R. Solanki, and L. Tripathi, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2013. 25(9): p. 5109-5110.
71.    Antifungal and antiproliferative protein from Cicer arietinum: a bioactive compound against emerging pathogens Kumar, S., et al., BioMed research international, 2014. 2014: p. 387203-387203.
72.    Toxic effect of lead (Pb++) on certain biochemical parameters in gram (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings Lal, N., Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2005. 75(1): p. 67-72.
73.    Effect of salinity on root-nodule conductance to the oxygen diffusion in the Cicer arietinum Mesorhizobium ciceri symbiosis L'Taief, B., et al., Journal of Plant Physiology, 2007. 164(8): p. 1028-1036.
74.    The Estrogenic Activity of Isoflavones Extracted from Chickpea Cicer arietinum L Sprouts in Vitro Ma, H., et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2013. 27(8): p. 1237-1242.
75.    Assessment of the estrogenic activities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) sprout isoflavone extract in ovariectomized rats Ma, H.-r., et al., Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2013. 34(3): p. 380-386.
76.    ELICITOR-INDUCED FORMATION OF PTEROCARPAN PHYTOALEXINS IN CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM L) CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES FROM CONSTITUTIVE ISOFLAVONE CONJUGATES UPON INHIBITION OF PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE Mackenbrock, U. and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1991. 46(1-2): p. 43-50.
77.    ISOFLAVONE AND PTEROCARPAN MALONYLGLUCOSIDES AND BETA-1, -.G.-A.C.-H.A.V.C.I.C.C.-A.L.M., U., R. Vogelsang, and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1992. 47(11-12): p. 815-822.
78.    Morphological response of Cicer arietinum exposed to paper mill effluent Madan, S. and Pertibha, Journal of Environmental Biology, 2013. 34(4): p. 779-782.
79.    Dissipation of lindane and fenvalerate residues in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Indian climatic conditions Madan, V.K., et al., Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2000. 46(2): p. 163-166.
80.    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and Other Plant-Derived Protease Inhibitor Concentrates Inhibit Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation In Vitro Magee, P.J., et al., Nutrition and Cancer-an International Journal, 2012. 64(5): p. 741-748.
81.    Role of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) seed coat as an antiatherogenic agent in rabbits Mand, J.K., et al., Indian heart journal, 1991. 43(5): p. 347-50.
82.    Solid-state bioconversion of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by Rhizopus oligosporus to improve total phenolic content, a.a.a.h.f.M.S.-M., Luis, et al., International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2014. 65(5): p. 558-564.
83.    Specific IgE levels to Cicer arietinum (Chick pea) in tolerant and nontolerant children: evaluation of boiled and raw extracts Martinez San Ireneo, M., et al., International archives of allergy and immunology, 2000. 121(2): p. 137-43.
84.    Ameliorative effects of Cicer arietinum extract and Coelatura aegyptiaca shell powder on estrogen sensitive organs in ovariectomized rats Marzouk, M., et al., World Applied Sciences Journal, 2014. 31(5): p. 863-872.
85.    A Liquid Chromatography Method for Determination of Selected Amino Acids, C., Growth Regulators, and Vitamins from Cicer arietinum (L.) and Solanum lycopersicum (L.) Meher, Hari Charan, V.T. Gajbhiye, and G. Singh, Journal of Aoac International, 2012. 95(4): p. 1142-1152.
86.    High-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and regeneration of insect-resistant transgenic plants (Retracted article. See vol. 32, p., 2013) Mehrotra, Meenakshi, I. Sanyal, and D.V. Amla, Plant Cell Reports, 2011. 30(9): p. 1603-1616.
87.    INFLUENCE OF TREFLAN LINDANE AND CERESAN ON DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION AND YIELD IN CICER-ARIETINUM Mishra, K.C. and A.C. Guar, Zentralblatt fuer Bakteriologie Parasitenkunde Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene Zweite Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung Allgemeine Landwirtschaftliche und Technische Mikrobiologie, 1975. 130(6): p. 598-602.
88.    Obtaining a fermented chickpea extract (Cicer arietinum L.) and its use as a milk extensor Morales de Leon, J., M.L. Cassis Nosthas, and P. Cecin Salomon, Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion, 2000. 50(2): p. 157-63.
89.    Elaboration of an yogurt made of a milk and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) mixture Morales de Leon, J.C., M.L. Cassis Nosthas, and E. Cortes Penedo, Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion, 2000. 50(1): p. 81-6.
90.    EFFECT OF HEAT-TREATMENT AND GERMINATION ON ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITOR ACTIVITY IN CHICK PEAS (CICER-ARIETINUM L) Mulimani, V.H. and G. Rudrappa, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 1994. 46(2): p. 133-137.
91.    Brassinolides promote the expression of a new Cicer arietinum beta-tubulin gene involved in the epicotyl elongation Munoz, F.J., E. Labrador, and B. Dopico, Plant Molecular Biology, 1998. 37(5): p. 807-817.
92.    Attenuation of chemically induced diabetes in rabbits with herbal mixture ( Citrullus colocynthis and Cicer arietinum) Nadia, A., R. Khalil ur, and J. Nazish, Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2013. 33(1): p. 41-44.
93.    STUDY OF PURIFICATION + PROPERTIES OF TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHETASE OF BENGAL GRAM (CICER ARIETINUM) Nair, P.M. and C.S. Vaidyanathan, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1964. 104(3): p. 405-&.
94.    PANGAMIC-ACID CONTENT OF CICER-ARIETINUM AND PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS CULTIVARS Nandi, L.N., G. Handa, and J. Singh, Indian Drugs, 1984. 21(9): p. 400-401.
95.    Plant water, s., ethylene evolution, N(2)-fixing efficiency, antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in Cicer arietinum L. nodules as affected by short-term salinization and desalinization Nandwal, Ajit Singh, et al., Journal of Plant Physiology, 2007. 164(9): p. 1161-1169.
96.    GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY OF RHIZOBIUM ISOLATED FROM CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM L) Nour, S.M., et al., Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1994. 40(5): p. 345-354.
97.    Influence of some trace elements on the growth of Rhizobium from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and gram (Cicer arietinum L.) Pillai, R.N. and A. Sen, Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Zweite naturwissenschaftliche Abt.: Allgemeine, landwirtschaftliche und technische Mikrobiologie, 1972. 127(6): p. 612-7.
98.    Effect of sprouting on antioxidant and inhibitory potential of two varieties of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum L.) against key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes Prathapan, A., et al., International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2011. 62(3): p. 234-238.
99.    Auxin regulated poly(A)polymerase activity in Cicer arietinum epicotyls Praveen, S., et al., Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 2000. 38(9): p. 926-930.
100.    Purification and characterization of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin from seeds of chickpea (Cider arietinum L.) Qureshi, I.A., et al., Phytochemical Analysis, 2006. 17(5): p. 350-356.
101.    Differential elicitation of proteases and protease inhibitors in two different genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) by salicylic acid and spermine Raju, S., S.K. Jayalakshmi, and K. Sreeramulu, Journal of Plant Physiology, 2009. 166(10): p. 1015-1022.
102.    The effects of salinity and sodicity upon nodulation and nitrogen fixation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Rao, D.L.N., et al., Annals of Botany, 2002. 89(5): p. 563-570.
103.    Lead induced changes in antioxidant metabolism of horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) and bengalgram (Cicer arietinum L.) Reddy, A.M., et al., Chemosphere, 2005. 60(1): p. 97-104.
104.    CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF CHICKPEA, C.-A., EXUDATE Rembold, H. and C. Weigner, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1990. 45(7-8): p. 922-923.
105.    Phyto-agglutinin, t.p.a.a.a.e.a.o.i.c.C.a.L.c.S., Khan, et al., African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011. 10(57): p. 12276-12280.
106.    Brassinolides and IAA induce the transcription of four a-expansin genes related to development in Cicer arietinum Sanchez, M.A., et al., Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2004. 42(9): p. 709-716.
107.    ISOLATION OF FORMONONETIN FROM TISSUE CULTURES OF CICER ARIETINUM Sayagave.Bm, Mulchand.Nb, and Narayana.S, Lloydia, 1969. 32(1): p. 108-&.
108.    Determination of Polyphenols, F., and Antioxidant Capacity in Colored Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Segev, Aharon, et al., Journal of Food Science, 2010. 75(2): p. S115-S119.
109.    Nutritional and antinutritional profile of newly developed chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L) varieties Sharma, S., et al., International Food Research Journal, 2013. 20(2): p. 805-810.
110.    Purification, c.a.X.-r.c.o.a.K.-t.t.i.p.f.t.s.o.c.C.a.S., Urvashi and C.G. Suresh, Acta Crystallographica Section F-Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications, 2011. 67: p. 714-717.
111.    HYPO LIPIDEMIC PRINCIPLES OF CICER-ARIETINUM BIOCHANIN A AND FORMONONETIN Siddiqui, M.T. and M. Siddiqi, Lipids, 1976. 11(3): p. 243-246.
112.    Symbiotic effectiveness of spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants of Rhizobium sp Cicer nodulating chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Sindhu, S.S. and K.R. Dadarwal, Microbiological Research, 2001. 155(4): p. 325-329.
113.    Residual behaviour and risk assessment of flubendiamide on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Singh, G., et al., Chemosphere, 2011. 84(10): p. 1416-1421.
114.    PANGAMIC ACID, A.S.B., ANTISTRESS AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC PRINCIPLE FROM CICER-ARIETINUM-L Singh, J., et al., Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1983. 7(2): p. 239-242.
115.    FATE AND INTERCONVERSION OF ALPHA-HCH, B.-H., GAMMA-HCH, AND DELTA-HCH ON GRAM (CICER-ARIETINUM LINN) PLANTS UNDER SUBTROPICAL FIELD CONDITIONS AT LUDHIANA, INDIA Singh, P. P., et al., Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1993. 50(6): p. 798-801.
116.    Studies on exudate-depleted sclerotial development in Sclerotium rolfsii and the effect of oxalic acid, s.e., and culture filtrate on phenolic acid induction in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Singh, U. P., et al., Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2002. 48(5): p. 443-448.
117.    Proline improves copper tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Singh, V., et al., Protoplasma, 2010. 245(1-4): p. 173-181.
118.    TRYPSIN AND CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITOR FROM CHICK PEAS (CICER-ARIETINUM) Smirnoff, P., et al., Biochemical Journal, 1976. 157(3): p. 745-&.
119.    Dissipation of Pendimethalin in Soil and Its Residues in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Under Field Conditions Sondhia, S., Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012. 89(5): p. 1032-1036.
120.    Podborer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.) does not show specific adaptations in gut proteinases to dietary Cicer arietinum Kunitz proteinase inhibitor Srinivasan, A., et al., Journal of Insect Physiology, 2005. 51(11): p. 1268-1276.
121.    STIMULATION OF RNA-SYNTHESIS IN CICER-ARIETINUM SEEDLINGS BY CYCLIC 3'-5' ADENOSINE-MONOPHOSPHATE Srivasta.Ak, S. Azhar, and Krishnam.Cr, Febs Letters, 1973. 33(2): p. 239-240.
122.    ACTION OF INDOLYL-3-ACETIC ACID ON IN-VITRO SYNTHESIS OF TRYPTOPHAN OXYGENASE BY CICER-ARIETINUM SEEDLINGS Srivasta.Ak, S. Azhar, and Krishnam.Cr, Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 1973. 10(3): p. 191-194.
123.    INHIBITION OF GERMINATION IN CICER-ARIETINUM Srivasta.Ak, C.R.K. Murti, and S. Azhar, Phytochemistry, 1972. 11(11): p. 3181-&.
124.    Inactivation of Baculovirus by Isoflavonoids on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Leaf Surfaces Reduces the Efficacy of Nucleopolyhedrovirus Against Helicoverpa armigera Stevenson, P.C., R.F. D'Cunha, and D. Grzywacz, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2010. 36(2): p. 227-235.
125.    Extraction, i.a.a.e.o.c.a.p.f.e.f.s.o.C.a.L.T., S. K. S., Y.L. Ramachandra, and M. Udgire, World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (WJPPS), 2013. 2(6): p. 6325-6330.
126.    Genetic characterization of the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene responsible for resistance to imidazolinone in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Thompson, C. and B. Tar'an, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2014. 127(7): p. 1583-1591.
127.    PTEROCARPAN PHYTOALEXIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN ELICITOR-CHALLENGED CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM L) CELL-CULTURES - PURIFICATION, C.A.C.C.O.N.-I.O.T., K., et al., European Journal of Biochemistry, 1991. 200(3): p. 751-757.
128.    PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBTILISIN ISOINHIBITORS FROM CHICK PEAS CICER-ARIETINUM Tovar, J. and D.S. Seidl, Acta Cientifica Venezolana, 1985. 36(3-4): p. 286-287.
129.    Trichoderma inoculation ameliorates arsenic induced phytotoxic changes in gene expression and stem anatomy of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Tripathi, P., et al., Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2013. 89: p. 8-14.
130.    Growth stimulation of gram (Cicer arietinum) plant by water soluble carbon nanotubes Tripathi, S., S.K. Sonkar, and S. Sarkar, Nanoscale, 2011. 3(3): p. 1176-1181.
131.    NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF A CONCENTRATE FROM CHICKPEA (CICER-ARIETINUM) BY ULTRAFILTRATION Ulloa, J.A. and M.E. Valencia, Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, 1992. 42(4): p. 428-431.
132.    Component Analysis and Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Cicer arietinum L. Husk Pectin Urias-Orona, V., et al., Molecules, 2010. 15(10): p. 6948-6955.
133.    In vitro free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of Cicer arietinum L. (Fabaceae) Vadnere, G.P., et al., International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2012. 4(1): p. 343-350.
134.    A comprehensive resource of drought- and salinity-responsive ESTs for gene discovery and marker development in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varshney, R.K., et al., Bmc Genomics, 2009. 10.
135.    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) proteins induce allergic responses in nasobronchial allergic patients and BALB/c mice Verma, A.K., et al., Toxicology Letters, 2012. 210(1): p. 24-33.
136.    ELICITATION OF BETA-1, -.G.A.C.A.I.C.-S.C.O.A.-R.R.A.S.C.O.C.C.-A.V., R. and W. Barz, Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-a Journal of Biosciences, 1990. 45(3-4): p. 233-239.
137.    Bacillus species enhance growth parameters of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in chromium stressed soils Wani, P.A. and M.S. Khan, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2010. 48(11): p. 3262-3267.
138.    Role of salicylic acid in induction of plant defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) War, A.R., et al., Plant signaling & behavior, 2011. 6(11): p. 1787-92.
139.    Effects of salinity and ozone, i.a.i.c., on the growth and ion contents of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties Welfare, K., A.R. Yeo, and T.J. Flowers, Environmental Pollution, 2002. 120(2): p. 397-403.
140.    Germination Dramatically Increases Isoflavonoid Content and Diversity in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds Wu, Z., et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012. 60(35): p. 8606-8615.
141.    NEW PEPTIDE FROM SEEDS OF Cicer arietinum Yili, A., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2012. 47(6): p. 959-962.
142.    Antioxidant peptides from Cicer arietinum of Xinjiang, C.Y., A., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2012. 48(4): p. 643-645.
143.    Comparative Investigation of the Polypeptide Compositions of Cicer arietinum Sprouts Yili, A., et al., Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2014. 50(5): p. 900-902.
144.    Optimizing regeneration condition in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Yousefiara, M., A. Bagheri, and N. Moshtaghi, Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS, 2008. 11(7): p. 1009-14.
145.    Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant activities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein hydrolysates Yust, M.d.M., et al., Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2012. 92(9): p. 1994-2001.
146.    Effects of Sodium Selenite and Germination on the Sprouting of Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) and Its Content of Selenium, F.a.B.A.i.t.S.Z., Ling, et al., Biological Trace Element Research, 2012. 146(3): p. 376-380.
147.    Effect of isoflavone extract from Cicer arietinum on learning and memory abilities in senile mice induced by D-galactose Zhu, P., Zhongcaoyao = Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2011. 42(5): p. 969-971.
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verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
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