Wednesday, December 11, 2013

Zamia furfuracea, Cardboard Palm, Cardboard Plant

 Zamia furfuracea L.f. ex Aiton
Family: Zamiaceae
Synonyms: Palma pumila Mill. , Palmifolium furfuraceum (L.f. ex Aiton) Kuntze , Zamia crassifolia T.Moore , Zamia furfuracea var. trewii A. DC. , Zamia gutierrezii Sauvalle , Zamia latifolia Lodd. ex Miq. , Zamia media var. gutierrezii (Sauvalle) J.Schust. , Zamia vestita Van Houtte

Common names: Cardboard Palm, Cardboard Plant, Bay Rush, Camptie, Cardboard Palm, Coontie, Guayiga,Florida Arrowroot, Marunguey, Mexican Cycad, Palmita de Jardín, Sago Cycas,
Seminole Bread, Yugulla
Arabic: زاميا وبغية
Chinese: 美叶苏铁

Description: he plant has a short, sometimes subterranean trunk up to 20 cm broad and high, usually marked with scars from old leaf bases. It grows very slowly when young, but its growth accelerates after the trunk matures. Including the leaves, the whole plant typically grows to 1.3 m tall with a width of about 2 m.

The leaves radiate from the center of the trunk; each leaf is 50-150 cm long with a petiole 15-30 cm long, and 6-12 pairs of extremely stiff, pubescent (fuzzy) green leaflets. These leaflets grow 8-20 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Occasionally, the leaflets are toothed toward the tips. The circular crowns of leaves resemble fern or palm fronds. They are erect in full sun, horizontal in shade.

This plant produces a rusty-brown cone in the center of the female plant. The egg-shaped female (seed-producing) cones and smaller male (pollen-producing) cone clusters are produced on separate plants. Pollination is by certain insects, namely the belid weevil Rhopalotria mollis.

Cardboard Cycad plant can only be reproduced by the fleshy, brightly crimson-colored seeds produced by the female plants. The germination process is very slow and difficult to achieve in cultivation; as a result, many plants sold for horticultural use are illegally collected in the wild, leading to the species being classified as Vulnerable.

This plant is easy to care for and grows best in moist, well-drained soil. They do well in full sun or shade, but not in constant deep shade. They are fairly salt- and drought-tolerant, but should be protected from extreme cold. They should occasionally be fed with palm food. After Cycas revoluta, this is probably the most popular cycad species in cultivation. In temperate regions it is commonly grown as a houseplant and, in subtropical areas, as a container or bedding plant outdoors.

All parts of the plant are poisonous to animals and humans. The toxicity causes liver and kidney failure, as well as eventual paralysis. Dehydration sets in very quickly. No treatment for the poisoning is currently known.

Toxic Part: All parts of all Zamia species are poisonous. The toxin can be removed from the grated root by water; treated plant material was a commercial source of starch.

20 Published articles of Zamia furfuracea
1.    Starch accumulation in the megagametophyte of Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. and Zamia furfuracea L.f.
Sanchez-Tinoco, M. Y.; Ordonez-Balderas, J. R.; Engleman, E. M. - Proceedings of Cycad 2008. The 8th International Conference on Cycad Biology, Panama City, Panama, 13-15 January 2008  Pages: 251-262   Published: 2012

2.    Tobacco ringspot virus found in the cardboard cycad (Zamia furfuracea) in Florida.
Baker, C. A.; Adkins, S. - PLANT DISEASE  Volume: 91   Issue: 1   Pages: 112-112   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PD-91-0112B   Published: JAN 2007

3.    Histological and biochemical characterization of the in vitro cultures of Zamia furfuracea L.
Dominic, V. J.; Joseph, Joy P. - Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology  Volume: 7   Issue: 3-4   Pages: 187-190   Published: SEP-DEC 2006

4.    Phytophthora cinnamomi on Zamia furfuracea in Taiwan.
Ann, P. J.; Tsai, J. N.; Wang, I. T. - Plant Pathology Bulletin  Volume: 13   Issue: 3   Pages: 233-236   Published: 2004

5.    Formation of somatic embryos from leaf callus of Zamia furfuracea L.: A preliminary report
Dhiman, Manjul; Moitra, Sushma; Singh, M. N.; et al. - Phytomorphology  Volume: 48   Issue: 3   Pages: 317-322   Published: July-Sept., 1998

6.    HISTOLOGICAL-CHANGES DURING MATURATION IN MALE AND FEMALE CONES OF THE CYCAD ZAMIA-FURFURACEA AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN RELATION TO POLLINATION BIOLOGY
VOVIDES, AP; NORSTOG, KJ; FAWCETT, PKS; et al. - BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY  Volume: 111   Issue: 2   Pages: 241-252   Published: FEB 1993

7.    MICROTUBULES IN DIVIDING ROOT-CELLS OF THE CONIFER PINUS-RADIATA AND THE CYCAD ZAMIA-FURFURACEA
FOWKE, LC - CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL  Volume: 17   Issue: 2   Pages: 143-151   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cbir.1993.1051   Published: FEB 1993

8.    Histological changes during maturation in male and female cones of the cycad Zamia furfuracea and their significance in relation to pollination biology
Vovides, Andrew P.; Norstog, Knut J.; Fawcett, Priscilla K. S.; et al. - Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society  Volume: 111   Issue: 2   Pages: 241-252   Published: 1993

9.    SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS IN ZAMIA-FISCHERI, Z-FURFURACEA AND Z-PUMILA
CHAVEZ, VM; LITZ, RE; NORSTOG, K - PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE  Volume: 30   Issue: 2   Pages: 99-105   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034302   Published: AUG 1992

10.    DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLLEN-TUBE OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA (ZAMIACEAE) AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS
CHOI, JS; FRIEDMAN, WE - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 78   Issue: 4   Pages: 544-560   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2445264   Published: APR 1991

11.    ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF POLLEN TUBE GROWTH IN-VIVO IN ZAMIA-FURFURACEA EVIDENCE OF INTRACELLULAR PENETRATION OF THE NUCELLUS
CHOI J-S; FRIEDMAN W E - American Journal of Botany  Volume: 77   Issue: 6 SUPPL   Pages: 10   Published: 1990

12.    INSECT-CYCAD SYMBIOSIS AND ITS RELATION TO THE POLLINATION OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA (ZAMIACEAE) BY RHOPALOTRIA-MOLLIS (CURCULIONIDAE)
NORSTOG, KJ; FAWCETT, PKS - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 76   Issue: 9   Pages: 1380-1394   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2444562   Published: SEP 1989

13.    Container production of comptie, Zamia furfuracea Ait.
Keever, G. J.; Cobb, G. S. - Research Report Series - Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University  Issue: 5   Pages: 15-16, 18   Published: 1987, publ. 1988

14.    THE ROLE OF BEETLES IN THE POLLINATION OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA L FIL (ZAMIACEAE)
NORSTOG, KJ; STEVENSON, DW; NIKLAS, KJ - BIOTROPICA  Volume: 18   Issue: 4   Pages: 300-306   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388573   Published: DEC 1986

15.    PHENETIC AND OTHER SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII Z-FURFURACEA COMPLEX
SCHUTZMAN, B; VOVIDES, AP - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 72   Issue: 6   Pages: 968-969   Published: 1985

16.    PHENETIC AND OTHER SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII-ZAMIA-FURFURACEA COMPLEX
SCHUTZMAN B; VOVIDES A P - American Journal of Botany  Volume: 72   Issue: 6   Pages: 968-969   Published: 1985

17.    SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII-ZAMIA-FURFURACEA COMPLEX ZAMIACEAE IN MEXICO
SCHUTZMAN B M - American Journal of Botany  Volume: 72   Issue: 6   Pages: 968   Published: 1985

18.    SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE ZAMIA-LODDIGESII FURFURACEA COMPLEX (ZAMIACEAE) IN MEXICO
SCHUTZMAN, BM - AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY  Volume: 72   Issue: 6   Pages: 968-968   Published: 1985

19.    EFFECT OF H2SO4 AND GA3 ON SEED-GERMINATION OF ZAMIA-FURFURACEA
DEHGAN, B; SCHUTZMAN, B - HORTSCIENCE  Volume: 18   Issue: 3   Pages: 371-372   Published: 1983

20.    ULTRASTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SYMBIOSIS OF CYANOPHYCEAE WITH CYCADEAE- (CYCAS-CIRCINNALIS-L, ZAMIA-FURFURACEA-L)
NEUMANN, D - BIOCHEMIE UND PHYSIOLOGIE DER PFLANZEN  Volume: 171   Issue: 4   Pages: 313-322   Published: 1977

No comments:

Labels

Abelmoschus esculentus Abelmoschus ficulneus Abies pindrow Abies spectabilis Abies webbiana Abroma augusta Abrus precatorius Abutilon hirtum Abutilon indicum Acacia catechu Acacia farnesiana Acacia horrida Acacia nilotica Acalypha wilkesiana Acer acuminatum Acer cappadocicum Achillea millefolium Achyranthes aspera Acmella oleracea Aconitum heterophyllum Adhatoda vasica Aegle marmelos Aerva javanica Aeschynomene americana Aesculus indica Ageratum conyzoides Alangium salviifolium Albizia saman Alcea rosea Aleurites moluccana Aleurites triloba Allium cepa Alocasia fornicata Alocasia indica Alocasia macrorrhizos Aloe vera Alpinia calcarata Alpinia galanga Alpinia officinarum Alstonia scholaris Alternative and Complementary Medicine Journals Amaranthus caudatus Amaranthus graecizans Amaranthus viridis Ammannia baccifera Ammi majus Amomum subulatum Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Anacyclus pyrethrum Anagallis arvensis Andrographis echioides Andrographis ovata Andrographis paniculata Anemone coronaria Anemone rivularis Anemone tetrasepala Annona muricata Anthocephalus cadamba Anthurium andraeanum Apium leptophyllum Apluda mutica Arabidopsis thaliana Arachis hypogaea Argemone mexicana Arisaema tortuosum Aristolochia littoralis Artabotrys hexapetalus Artemisia japonica Artemisia nilagirica Artocarpus heterophyllus Arundinella setosa Arundo donax Aspidopterys wallichii Aster albescens Astragalus leucocephalus Asystasia gangetica Avena sativa Averrhoa carambola Azadirachta indica Bacopa monnieri Bambusa Bambos Bambusa multiplex Bambusa vulgaris Barleria cristata Barleria prionitis Basilicum polystachyon Bauhinia purpurea Bauhinia racemosa Bauhinia scandens Bauhinia vahlii Bauhinia variegata Benincasa hispida Bidens pilosa Biophytum sensitivum Bixa orellana Blepharis integrifolia Blepharis maderaspatensis Blumea lacera Boerhavia diffusa Bombax ceiba Borassus flabellifer Boswellia ovalifoliolata Boswellia serrata Brassica rapa Buchnera hispida Butea monosperma Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpinia pulcherrima Cajanus cajan Cajanus scarabaeoides Caladium bicolor Caleana major Calendula officinalis Calophyllum brasiliense Calophyllum inophyllum Calotropis gigantea Calotropis procera Camellia sinensis Campanula latifolia Cananga odorata Canscora diffusa Capparis sepiaria Capparis zeylanica Capsella bursa-pastoris Cardamine hirsuta Cardiocrinum giganteum Cardiospermum halicacabum Carduus edelbergii Carrichtera annua Carthamus oxyacantha Carthamus tinctorius Carum carvi Cassia angustifolia Cassia auriculata Cassia fistula Cassia occidentalis Catesbaea spinosa Catharanthus roseus Cayratia trifolia Cedrela toona Ceiba insignis Ceiba pentandra Celastrus paniculatus Celosia argentea Centaurium erythraea Centella asiatica Cestrum diurnum Chaerophyllum reflexum Chamaesyce hypericifolia Chenopodium album Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodium murale Chrozophora rottleri Cicer arietinum Cichorium glandulosum Cichorium pumilum Cinnamomum camphora Cinnamomum tamala Cinnamomum verum Circaea alpina Cissampelos pareira Cissus quadrangularis Citrullus lanatus Cleistanthus patulus Clematis gouriana Clematis montana Cleome gynandra Clerodendrum chinense Clerodendrum indicum Clerodendrum infortunatum Clerodendrum laevifolium Clerodendrum philippinum Clerodendrum phlomidis Clerodendrum serratum Clerodendrum splendens Clerodendrum wallichii Coccinia grandis Cocculus hirsutus Cocculus laurifolius Cochlospermum religiosum Coix lacryma-jobi Colebrookea oppositifolia Coleus aromaticus Colocasia esculenta Combretum indicum Commelina benghalensis Commelina maculata Commelina paludosa Commiphora caudata Commiphora mukul Commiphora wightii Conocarpus lancifolius Consolida ajacis Convolvulus pluricaulis Cordyline fruticosa Corydalis cornuta Cosmos sulphureus Costus speciosus Cotinus coggygria Couroupita guianensis Crinum asiaticum Crocus sativus Crossandra infundibuliformis Crotalaria alata Crotalaria pallida Crotalaria prostrata Croton klotzschianus Croton scabiosus Croton tiglium Cryptolepis buchananii Cryptolepis dubia Cryptostegia grandiflora Cucumis sativus Cuminum cyminum Cupressus torulosa Curculigo orchioides Curcuma amada Curcuma longa Cuscuta reflexa Cyananthus lobatus Cyanthillium cinereum Cycas revoluta Cyclanthera pedata Cymbopogon nardus Cynodon dactylon Cyperus laevigatus Cyperus malaccensis Cyperus rotundus Dactyloctenium aegyptium Dactylorhiza hatagirea Dalbergia latifolia Datisca cannabina Datura metel Datura stramonium Daucus carota Delphinium ajacis Delphinium denudatum Delphinium elatum Dendrobium densiflorum Dendrobium ovatum Derris scandens Derris trifoliata Desmodium concinnum Desmodium gangeticum Desmodium heterocarpon Desmodium multiflorum Desmodium triflorum Dichrocephala integrifolia Dicliptera paniculata Didymocarpus pedicellatus Dillenia indica Dimorphocalyx glabellus Dimorphoteca ecklonis Dioscorea alata Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscorea polygonoides Diospyros kaki Diospyros malabarica Dipteracanthus patulus Dipteracanthus prostratus Dolichandrone spathacea Dolichos biflorus Dregea volubilis Drimia indica Drosera peltata Duranta erecta Dysoxylum binectariferum Dysoxylum gotadhora Dysphania ambrosioides Echinocereus pentalophus Echinops niveus Echium plantagineum Edgeworthia gardneri Eichhornia crassipes Elaeagnus umbellata Elaeocarpus ganitrus Elephantopus scaber Eleutheranthera ruderalis Elsholtzia fruticosa Elytraria acaulis Embelia ribes Emblica officinalis Enterolobium cyclocarpum Ephedra foliata Ephedra gerardiana Epipactis helleborine Eranthemum pulchellum Eryngium foetidum Erysimum hieraciifolium Erythrina suberosa Erythrina variegata Euonymus echinatus Euonymus japonicus Eupatorium capillifolium Eupatorium perfoliatum Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbia cornigera Euphorbia cotinifolia Euphorbia granulata Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbia hirta Euphorbia hypericifolia Euphorbia milii Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbia peplus Euphorbia tirucalli Fagonia cretica Fagopyrum acutatum Ferula foetida Ficus elastica Ficus religiosa Filicium decipiens Filipendula vestita Flacourtia indica Flemingia procumbens Flemingia semialata Foeniculum vulgare Free Access Journal Fumaria indica Fumaria parviflora Furcraea foetida Galega officinalis General Gentiana kurroo Geranium lucidum Geranium nepalense Geranium pratense Geranium wallichianum Ghee Globba schomburgkii Glochidion hohenackeri Gloriosa superba Glycyrrhiza glabra Gmelina arborea Gomphrena globosa Gomphrena serrata Goodyera repens Grewia asiatica Grewia optiva Grewia serrulata Grewia tenax Gymnema sylvestre Habenaria edgeworthii Habenaria plantaginea Handroanthus impetiginosus Hedychium spicatum Helianthus annuus Helicteres isora Helinus lanceolatus Heliotropium indicum Hemidesmus indicus Hemigraphis alternata Hemigraphis colorata Hemigraphis hirta Heracleum sphondylium Herpetospermum pedunculosum Hibiscus cannabinus Hibiscus esculentus Hibiscus hirtus Hibiscus lobatus Hibiscus radiatus Hibiscus vitifolius Hippophae rhamnoides Holarrhena antidysenterica Holarrhena pubescens Holoptelea integrifolia Hosta plantaginea Hoya carnosa Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrolea zeylanica Hygrophila auriculata Hygrophila polysperma Hygrophila schulli Hylocereus undatus Hymenocallis speciosa Hymenodictyon orixense Hyoscyamus niger Hypericum dyeri Hypericum elodeoides Hypericum oblongifolium Hyptis suaveolens Ilex dipyrena Impatiens balsamina Impatiens bracteata Impatiens racemosa Indigofera aspalathoides Indigofera astragalina Indigofera glabra Ipomoea alba Ipomoea aquatica Ipomoea marginata Isodon rugosus Ixeris polycephala Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacquemontia pentantha Jasminum auriculatum Jasminum multiflorum Jatropha curcas Jatropha gossypifolia Juncus thomsonii Justicia adhatoda Justicia brandegeeana Justicia carnea Justicia gendarussa Justicia pubigera Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Kallstroemia pubescens Koelreuteria elegans Koelreuteria paniculata Koenigia delicatula Kopsia fruticosa Kydia calycina Kyllinga brevifolia Lablab purpureus Lactuca dissecta Lantana camara Lathyrus sativus Leea aequata Lens culinaris Leonotis nepetifolia Leonurus cardiaca Lepidium sativum Lepisanthes rubiginosa Leucas aspera Leucas nutans Leucostemma latifolium Leycesteria formosa Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia fischeri Lilium polyphyllum Linum usitatissimum Liparis nervosa Liquidambar formosana Litsea monopetala Lupinus angustifolius Lycium ferocissimum Macaranga peltata Maesa argentea Magnolia champaca Mahonia napaulensis Malachra Capitata Mallotus nudiflorus Mallotus philippinensis Malva sylvestris Malvastrum coromandelianum Marchantia polymorpha Martynia annua Medicago lupulina Medicinal Plants of India Melilotus indicus Melochia corchorifolia Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Mercurialis annua Meriandra strobilifera Merremia cissoides Mesua ferrea Micrococca mercuriali Micromeria biflora Mikania micrantha Millettia pinnata Mimosa polyancistra Mimosa pudica Mitragyna parvifolia Modiola caroliniana Momordica charantia Momordica cochinchinensis Morinda citrifolia Morinda pubescens Moringa oleifera Mucuna pruriens Muehlenbeckia platyclada Muehlenbeckia platyclados Muntingia calabura Murdannia nudiflora Murraya koenigii Muscari neglectum Myriactis nepalensis Myristica fragrans Myrtus communis Naravelia zeylanica Nardostachys grandiflora Nardostachys jatamansi Naringi crenulata Nasturtium officinale Nelumbo nucifera Neolamarckia cadamba Nepeta laevigata Nerium indicum Nerium oleander Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Nigella sativa Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nymphaea nouchali Nymphaea pubescens Nymphoides indica Ocimum basilicum Ocimum gratissimum Ocimum kilimandscharicum Ocimum sanctum Oldenlandia umbellata Ononis natrix Ononis repens Ononis spinosa Operculina turpethum Origanum majorana Oroxylum indicum Osteospermum ecklonis Others Oxyria digyna Pachygone ovata Pachyrhizus erosus Paederia foetida Pandanus tectorius Papaver somniferum Passiflora caerulea Passiflora vitifolia Pavetta indica Pentapetes phoenicea Pentas lanceolata Peperomia argyreia Peperomia heyneana Peperomia pellucida Peperomia sandersii Peperomia tetraphylla Perilla frutescens Persicaria amplexicaulis Persicaria barbata Persicaria capitata Persicaria glabra Persicaria nepalensis Phalaenopsis taenialis Phaulopsis dorsiflora Philodendron bipinnatifidum Phlomis bracteosa Phlomoides bracteosa Phyllanthus acidus Phyllanthus amarus Phyllanthus fraternus Phyllanthus lawii Phyllanthus rotundifolius Physalis grisea Physalis peruviana Picrorhiza kurroa Pilea microphylla Pimpinella anisum Piper betle Piper longum Piper nigrum Pisonia aculeata Pistia stratiotes Pisum sativum Plantago orbignyana Plantago ovata Platanthera edgeworthii Platostoma elongatum Plectranthus barbatus Plectranthus scutellarioides Plumbago auriculata Plumbago capensis Plumbago zeylanica Plumeria rubra Podranea ricasoliana Polemonium caeruleum Polygala crotalarioides Polygala persicariifolia Polygonatum cirrhifolium Polygonatum verticillatum Polygonum amplexicaule Polygonum barbatum Polygonum recumbens Pongamia pinnata Portulaca oleracea Portulaca umbraticola Portulacaria afra Potentilla fruticosa Potentilla supina Premna corymbosa Premna tomentosa Primula denticulata Primula floribunda Primula vulgaris Prunus Amygdalus Prunus dulcis Pseuderanthemum carruthersii Pseudobombax ellipticum Pseudocaryopteris foetida Psidium guajava Psidium guineense Pterocarpus santalinus Pterospermum acerifolium Pterospermum lanceifolium Pterygota alata Pulicaria dysenterica Punica granatum Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrostegia venusta Quisqualis indica Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus laetus Ranunculus sceleratus Raphanus sativus Rauvolfia serpentina Rauvolfia tetraphylla Reinwardtia indica Rhamphicarpa fistulosa Rhodiola trifida Rhodiola wallichiana Rhododendron arboreum Rhynchosia heynei Rhynchosia himalensis Rhynchosia viscosa Ricinus communis Rorippa indica Roscoea purpurea Rosmarinus officinalis Ruellia patula Ruellia prostrata Ruellia tuberosa Rumex dentatus Rumex hastatus Rungia pectinata Saccharum officinarum Saccharum spontaneum Salix denticulata Salix tetrasperma Salvadora persica Salvia involucrata Salvia miltiorrhiza Salvia nubicola Salvia splendens Sambucus canadensis Sambucus mexicana Sambucus nigra Santalum album Sapindus saponaria Saussurea auriculata Saussurea candicans Saussurea obvallata Scadoxus multiflorus Scutellaria baicalensis Scutellaria grossa Scutellaria repens Sedum oreades Semecarpus anacardium Senna auriculata Senna occidentalis Senna siamea Senna sophera Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania grandiflora Seseli diffusum Sesuvium portulacastrum Setaria verticillata Shorea robusta Sida cordata Sida cordifolia Sida retusa Sida spinosa Sideritis hirsuta Silybum marianum Smithia ciliata Solanum chrysotrichum Solanum erianthum Solanum jasminoides Solanum melongena Solanum nigrum Solanum sisymbriifolium Solanum surattense Solanum torvum Solanum tuberosum Solanum villosum Sonchus oleraceus Soymida febrifuga Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Sphenoclea zeylanica Spiranthes australis Spiranthes sinensis Spondias pinnata Stellaria media Stellera chamaejasme Stephania japonica Sterculia alata Sterculia foetida Sterculia villosa Stereospermum tetragonum Stevia rebaudiana Striga asiatica Strophanthus boivinii Strychnos minor Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Suaeda maritima Suregada multiflora Swertia angustifolia Swertia bimaculata Swertia cordata Swertia paniculata Swietenia macrophylla Swietenia mahagoni Syzygium alternifolium Syzygium aromaticum Syzygium cumini Syzygium jambos Syzygium samarangense Tabebuia aurea Tabebuia avellanedae Talinum portulacifolium Tamarindus indica Taxus baccata Tecoma castanifolia Tephrosia calophylla Tephrosia purpurea Teramnus labialis Terminalia alata Terminalia catappa Terminalia chebula Terminalia elliptica Terminalia pallida Teucrium botrys Teucrium royleanum Thalictrum foliolosum Thespesia populnea Thunbergia erecta Thunbergia fragrans Thunbergia grandiflora Thymus linearis Tiliacora acuminata Tiliacora racemosa Tinospora cordifolia Tinospora crispa Tinospora sinensis Toona ciliata Trewia nudiflora Tribulus terrestris Trichodesma indicum Trichosanthes cucumerina Trichosanthes palmata Trichosanthes tricuspidata Trifolium repens Trigonella foenum-graecum Triumfetta rhomboidea Tylophora indica Uraria picta Urena lobata Urena sinuata Urginea coromandeliana Vachellia horrida Valeriana jatamansi Vanda tessellata Veronica serpyllifolia Viburnum coriaceum Vicia bakeri Vicia faba Vicia sativa Vigna radiata Vigna unguiculata Vinca rosea Viola rupestris Viscum album Vitex negundo Vitis vinifera Withania somnifera Wrightia tinctoria Wulfeniosis amherstiana Zamia furfuracea Ziziphus jujuba Ziziphus mauritiana
If you find objectionable content on this blog please Email me anandkumarreddy at gmail dot com I will remove it. The contents of this blog are meant for students and researchers of Indian system of Medicine for educational purpose and not for commercial use.

This site uses cookies from Google to deliver its services, to personalise ads and to analyse traffic. Information about your use of this site is shared with Google. By using this site, you agree to its use of cookies.